Ramirez 2006: 144; Epps 2005: 368; Martins 2005: 300. Adjective. Superficial tone may alter in adjectives, but the underlying tone is always falling (= high [Epps 2005: 273]).
Daw:peg1
Martins 2004: 223. This is the generic term, distinct from ʔab (of round things), ʔɤb (of fruit bunches), ʔɤd 'big and wide' (e.g. of people, aturá baskets), ʔɛʔ 'big and round' (e.g. of mouths, pans), ʔw̰ɔʔ 'big or oversized' (e.g. of clothes), hěh 'big and wide' (e.g. of thorax), lɔʔ (of feet or hands, female speech), lɔȡ (of cylindrical things, like tree trunks) [ibid.]. Cf. the augmentative =pog [Martins 2014: 71; Andrade 2014: 78; Martins 2005: 43].
Nadeb:ʔɨb {ɨb}2
Weir 1984: 85. Polysemy: 'big / father' [Weir 1984: 84]. Morphologically, this is an obligatorily possessed noun. Other roots used in this meaning include =wɜːh {wʉ́ʉ́h} (glossed as multiple, i.e. used with a plural subject) [Weir 1984: 298] and ʔeːh / =ʔeh {eeh / =eh} (used only of people in the examples) [Weir 1984: 70, 295, 299]. Martins [2005: 300] also cites Roçado Nadëb pogn and Rio Negro bog.
Number:6
Word:bird
Hup:h̃ũʔ-tä̃̌h̃ {hũ'tẽ̀h}1
Ramirez 2006: 86; Epps 2005: 71 (h̃ũ-tä̃̂h̃ {hũtẽ́h}), Martins 2005: 238. A generic term for small birds. Epps claims it is a diminutive of h̃ũ̂ {hṹ} 'animal'. Martins also lists βět {wë̀t} 'pigeon' [2005: 238].
Ramirez 2006: 205; Epps 2005: 87. Derived from dʸaʔã̂m {ya'ám} 'jaguar'; the suffix -hǒʔ {-hö̀'} is otherwise unattested. In the Tat Deh area h was elided, causing the gemination of root-final m.
Not attested. Cf. toːh (in Roçado also tɔgn) 'dry (of trees)' [Martins 2005: 301].
Number:21
Word:ear
Hup:nbɔ̰tɔ̂k {b'otók}1
Ramirez 2006: 52; Epps 2005: 87; Martins 2005: 277 (as nbɔ̰ɾɔ̂k {b'orók}). In the Tat Deh area the intervocalic t is flapped: nbɔɾɔ̂k {b'orók} [Epps 2005: 87].
Daw:xũ̂ːỹ2
Martins 2004: 514.
Nadeb:nãbuːy {nabuuy}1
Barbosa 2005: 26; Martins 2005: 277. Hardly borrowed from a Tupí-Guaraní language.
Number:22
Word:earth
Hup:mã̌ʸ̃n {m'àj'}1
Ramirez 2006: 110. Polysemy: 'earth / soil / clay'. Glossed as 'mud' in [Epps 2005: 62].
Daw:ȶʼax2
Martins 2004: 176; Martins 2005: 290. Polysemy: 'earth / clay'. Distinct from tu 'ground' [Martins 2004: 246], pâː 'terra firme (a topographical feature of the Amazon basin)' [Martins 2004: 85].
Nadeb:kã̰ːd ~ kã̰ːȡ {kxãad ~ kxãaj}3
Barbosa 2005: 32, 38. In [Martins 2005: 71], kʼa̰ȡ {gxaj} is translated as 'sand'.
Weir 1984: 25. Non-indicative: =wɘːh {=wʉʉh} [Weir 1984: 30]. This root is attested in both transitive (of fish, eggs, horse-flies and even people) and intransitive usage ("there is nothing for me to eat or drink" [Weir 1984: 159]). Cf. ʔa=wa {a=wa} (plural: ʔa=wa̰ː {a=wxaa}, seen in both intransitive and transitive usage of yam) [Weir 1984: 56; Martins 2005: 74], =pɔːh {=póóh} (non-indicative, of bananas) [Weir 1984: 122].
Weir 1984: 125. Found only in the word 'acangatara', glossed as 'toucan-feather' (šoked-dɜgn {soked-dʉng}). Likely distinct from wiːʔ {wii} 'bodily hair, feathers' [Martins 2005: 62].
Number:28
Word:fire
Hup:těgn {të̀g}1
Ramirez 2006: 179; Epps 2005: 135; Martins 2005: 289. Polysemy: 'firewood / fire / tree trunk'. Cf. tegn=h̃ɔ̃̂ {tëg-hṍ} 'fire, flame' [Ramirez 2006: 179]. Means 'stick' as the second part of a compound.
Daw:bɔ̃=hɔ̃̂ː2
Martins 2004: 150; Andrade 2014: 78; Martins 2005: 46. The variant bo=hɔ̃ː [Martins 2004: 190] may result from erroneous transcription. Derived from bɛ̂ː 'tree' and hɔ̃̂ː 'to set on fire'.
Nadeb:yuʔ {yu}3
Martins 2005: 72. Literally 'burnt'.
Number:28
Word:fire
Hup:
Daw:
Nadeb:tɘːg {tʉʉg} #1
Martins 2005: 289. Translated as 'firewood' in [Barbosa 2005: 50], but since the polysemy 'firewood / fire' is extremely common in the Amazon, it seems reasonable to assume that this is the basic root for 'fire'.
Weir 1984: 158 (ta=hɨ̰̃ːb {tahxɨ̃ɨb}); Barbosa 2005: 36 (ta=hɨ̰̃ːb {tahxɨ̃ɨb}); Martins 2005: 293 (hɨ̰̃ːb ~ hã̰ːb {hxɨ̃ɨb ~ hxãab}). According to Martins, hɨ̰̃ːb {hxɨ̃ɨb} is from Roçado Nadëb, while hã̰ːb {hxãab} is from Rio Negro Nadëb.
Number:30
Word:fly
Hup:way-ɾôʔ {way-rö́'}1
Ramirez 2006: 195; Epps 2005: 511. According to Epps, derived from wây {wáy} [Ramirez 2006: 194] and ndôʔ {dö́'} 'to remove, to take' [Ramirez 2006: 63].
Ramirez 2006: 77. The same meaning can be conveyed by ko̰dn-nĩ̂ {k'öd ní}, literally 'inside-exist' [Ramirez 2006: 106]. Cf. ndo̰ʔ=hitâbn {d'ö' hitáb} 'to fill' [Ramirez 2006: 65]. Not found in [Epps 2005].
Daw:ʔow2
Martins 2004: 219. Of deep objects, sacks. Distinct from ʔôȡ (of shallow round objects, like plates) [ibid.].
Martins 2005: 298. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, the latter is from Rio Negro Nadëb.
Number:35
Word:green
Hup:pɔ̃=pɔ̃̂h̃ {põpṍh}1
Ramirez 2006: 143; Epps 2005: 369. Varies from blue to green, also used for yellow leaves. Medial p might be geminated [Epps 2005: 71]; the root appears to be reduplicated. Distinct from hɔ̂y {hóy} 'new, green, unripe'.
Daw:mɯ̃̂ː2
Martins 2004: 565. Ranges from yellow to blue. Distinct from lak 'light green' [Martins 2005: 42].
Ramirez 2006: 58, 61; Epps 2005: 74 (only the first two forms); Martins 2005: 277 (nãʔp=ũ̂h {na'pṹh}). Epps [2005: 74] suggests that it might be a derivation from ndâ̰p {d'áp} 'meat, flesh' by means of -ʔũh̃ 'sibling, reciprocal, interactive', supporting the claim with a parallel from Tukano.
Daw:šôːb2
Martins 2004: 149.
Nadeb:mɔ̃ːh {móóh} ~ nɛ̃=mɔ̃ːh {né=móóh}1
Weir 1984: 84; Barbosa 2005: 27; Martins 2005: 277. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, the latter form is from Rio Negro Nadëb. Morphologically, an obligatorily possessed noun.
Ramirez 2006: 200; Epps 2005: 225 (wɔnt=ndä̂ {won'dé}). In [Epps 2005], it is glossed as 'porridge (?)-tuber', which is dubious, but the phonological structure of the word (nasal and non-nasal syllables combined) suggests that it should be treated as a compound.
Weir 1984: 35; Martins 2005: 262. Non-indicative: ha=pɜːh {ha=pʉ́ʉ́h} [Weir 1984: 166]. Martins also lists =pɘːh {=pʉʉh} for Roçado Nadëb and paːh {paah} for Rio Negro Nadëb. Polysemy: 'to see / to know'.
Ramirez 2006: 210; Epps 2005: 318; Martins 2005: 256. More precisely 'to be in lying position on the ground (for any entity capable of an upright position), to be in contact with ground (for any other entity)'. Causative: dʸä̰̂t {y'ét}. For resting on objects or surfaces other than ground, the verb wôbn {wö́b} is used instead [Ramirez 2006: 203; Epps 2005: 319]. Distinct from kã̰̂ʔ {k'ã́'} 'to hang, to lie in a hammock' [Ramirez 2006: 91; Epps 2005: 395].
Daw:yet1
Martins 2004: 219; Martins 2005: 256. Only of lying on the ground. Causative: ʔy̰ěːt [Martins 2004: 174]. Distinct from kaʔ 'to hang, to lie in a hammock', mɯ̃h 'to lie stretched in a hammock'.
Nadeb:ʔa=yat {a=yat}1
Weir 1984: 141; Barbosa 2005: 24; Martins 2005: 256. More precisely, 'to lie on the ground'. Plural: ʔa=bɘːh {a=bxʉʉh} (human), ʔa=bɘh {a=bʉʉh} (non-human). Distinct from ʔa=kʼɜ {a=gʉ́} (plural: ʔa=yɛ̰ːȡn {a=yxéénh} (human), ʔa=yɛȡn {a=yénh} (non-human)) 'to lie in a hammock' [ibid.].
Martins 2004: 223; Martins 2005: 28. This is the generic term, distinct from widn 'long and thin' (e.g. of sticks, people, tight clothes), wag 'long and a little bit wide' (e.g. of people), way̰ʔ 'quite long' (e.g. of people), w̃ɛ̃š 'long and abundant' (e.g. of hair), w̃ɛ̃w̰̃ʔ 'long and scarce' (e.g. of pubic hair, beard), wɔg 'too long' (e.g. of oversized clothes), wǔt 'long and very thin' (e.g. of hair, pubic hair or beard), ʔw̰ɔʔ 'long and too wide' (e.g. of wide strips, oversized clothes), wiʔ 'long and quite narrow' (e.g. of people), xidn 'long like tracks left by alligators' (e.g. of scratches), xign 'long and narrow' (e.g. of people) [ibid.].
Nadeb:
Not attested. Martins [2005: 298, 299] cites Roçado Nadëb dawɨːt / dawɨd {dawɨɨt / dawɨd} and ɾɔbn / ɾɔw {lóm / lów}, Rio Negro nɨ̃wɨːt {nɨwɨt} and yɔbn / yɔw {yóm / yów}. The difference between the roots is unknown.
Ramirez 2006: 127; Epps 2005: 256; Martins 2005: 274. The form nɔ̃̂h̃ ~ nɔ̃̂ʔ ~ nɔ̃̂ {nóh ~ nó' ~ nó} means 'buccal area, mouth of a river, hole in ground' [Ramirez 2006: 127; Epps 2005: 212]; the second morpheme is also found in mĩh̃-kǒ̰dn {mih-k'ö̀d} 'face' [Ramirez 2006: 115].
Ramirez 2006: 59; Epps 2005: 374. This root was apparently borrowed into Proto-North-Western Jê *ndɯwᵊ from a Nadahup language and not the other way round, because its phonological structure in North-Western Jê indicates a loan origin. It is unclear where and how such a contact could take place but other examples are known, such as PNWJ *kukoyᵊ ~ *kukwɤyᵊ 'monkey' and Hup kukûy ~ kukûʸh {kukúy ~ kukúç} 'night monkey (Aotus vociferans)'.
Daw:bûːy #3
Martins 2004: 178. Found only in glosses. Distinct from wɛy [Martins 2004: 212] in that the latter means 'young'.
Ramirez 2006: 186; Epps 2005: 214; Martins 2005: 277. Polysemy: 'nose / beak'. Obligatorily prefixed. Cf. čũkũ̂ỹ {sũkṹy} [Ramirez 2006: 171], which is reported to be restricted to the Umari Norte area [Epps 2005: 734].
Daw:tôːȡ1
Martins 2004: 662; Martins 2005: 277.
Nadeb:pɔːh ~ poːh ~ pɔːʔ {póóh ~ pooh ~ póó}2
Weir 1984: 333 (pɔːh {póóh}); Barbosa 2005: 22 (poːh {pooh}); Martins 2005: 67, 72 (pɔːʔ {póó}, pɔːh {póóh}). Glossed as 'nose' in the sense of 'ship bow'. Cf. nɔ̃ːh [Barbosa 2005: 27], mistakenly translated as 'nose' (the correct gloss would be 'mouth'). Hardly borrowed from Tukano põe, as suggested by Martins [2015: 372].
Number:62
Word:not
Hup:=nɨ̃̂h̃ {nɨ́h}1
Ramirez 2006: 126; Epps 2005: 605; Martins 2005: 296. Distinct from the identity negation ʔǎp {àp} [Ramirez 2006: 40; Epps 2005: 619] and the existential negation pã̌ {pã̀} [Ramirez 2006: 134; Epps 2005: 615; Martins 2005: 296].
Weir 1984: 148-212; Martins 2005: 296. The choice between doːh {dooh} and nã- {na-} is conditioned syntactically; both morphemes are apparently basic. Distinct from mãnɨ̃h {manɨh} 'prohibitive' [Weir 1984: 250-259].
Number:62
Word:not
Hup:
Daw:
Nadeb:nã- {na-}4
Weir 1984: 214-246. The choice between doːh {dooh} and nã- {na-} is conditioned syntactically; both morphemes are apparently basic. Distinct from mãnɨ̃h {manɨh} 'prohibitive' [Weir 1984: 250-259].
Number:63
Word:one
Hup:ʔayǔp ~ ä̌p {ayùp ~ èp}1
Ramirez 2006: 41, 68; Epps 2005: 262. ʔayǔp {ayùp} is used in Tat Deh and Barreira, ä̌p {èp} is used in Umari Norte.
Daw:m̰ɛ̃ʔ2
Martins 2004: 391.
Nadeb:šɛt {sét}3
Weir 1984: 103. Mentioned as šet {set} in [Weir 1984: 104].
Martins 2004: 139; Andrade 2014: 94; Martins 2005: 270. Apparently this term can only refer to Dâw people. For white people, bûːy is used [ibid.].
Nadeb:
Not attested. Martins [2015: 270] cites yihub {yihub} and nãdɘb {nadʉb} for Roçado Nadëb and yuhub {yuhub} and nɨ̃dɘb {nɨdʉb} for Rio Negro Nadëb, but the difference between these items is unclear.
Martins 2004: 664. Glossed as 'water', but the verb 'to rain' is cited as nɤx-doȡ ('water-fall'). This suggests that Dâw makes no distinction between 'water' and 'rain'. The form doȡ is quoted as 'rain' in [Martins 2005: 288].
Nadeb:nãɘgn {naʉng}1
Weir 1984: 89. Polysemy: 'water / rain'. Cf. Roçado Nadëb doːš / doȡ {doos / doj} and Rio Negro duːš {duus}, translated as 'rain' in [Martins 2005: 288]; apparently, these are verbs.
Number:66
Word:red
Hup:ndô / to=ɾô {dö́ / tödö́ ~ törö́}1
Ramirez 2006: 63; Epps 2005: 369; Martins: 2005: 111. Adjective. Ranges from red to pink, also used for some yellow/orange things, particularly ripe fruits, flames of fire. Distinct from čɔ̂ʸdn {sój} 'brilliant red (esp. face or body paint), ripe' [Ramirez 2006: 165; Epps 2005: 369; Martins: 2005: 109].
Ramirez 2006: 61; Martins 2005: 301. Not found in [Epps 2005]. The form tat {tat} is apparently a classifier meaning 'fruit' when used independently [Ramirez 2006: 175; Epps 2005: 233].
Daw:nem1
Martins 2004: 224; Martins 2005: 301. 3D (e.g. of shells, pans, heads, açaí stones). Distinct from l̃ãk 'round and smooth' (e.g. of snake or crab holes), lɯk 'quite round' (e.g. of curly hair, fruits with stone-shaped seeds), lok 'round with a big opening' (e.g. of agouti or jaguar holes), l̃ɔ̃k 'round with a small opening; spheric and small' (e.g. of red-rumped agouti holes), lɔ̃ 'painted with circles, dotted', low 'round of a large diameter' (e.g. of cisterns, bellies)', lew̰ʔ 'round and thick' (e.g. of rope or vine knots), lĩm̰ʔ 'round and rather small' (e.g. of worms curled on leaves), lem 'round of a small diameter' (e.g. of turtles, microphone heads), mɤm 'round and rather small' (e.g. of warts) [ibid.], ʔoʔ 'round and big' [Martins 2004: 218].
Nadeb:kʼaɾaɾebn ~ kʼanãɾebn {gararem ~ ganareb}1
Martins 2015: 301. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb (an alternate form kʼaɾaɾew {galalew} is also mentioned), while the latter is from Rio Negro Nadëb.
Barbosa 2005: 38 (only the latter form); Martins 2005: 288. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, the latter one is from Rio Negro Nadëb. In [Martins 2005: 71], kʼa̰ȡ {gxaj} is translated as 'sand'.
Ramirez 2006: 137; Epps 2005: 249; Martins 2005: 266. Polysemy: 'to sit down / to sit'.
Daw:pɛ̂ːbn1
Martins 2004: 219; Andrade 2014: 91; Martins 2005: 266. Distinct from xɔg 'to sit (of agoutis and pacas)' [ibid.].
Nadeb:ʔa=hɜgn {a=hʉ́ng}2
Weir 1984: 141. More precisely, 'to sit on the ground'. Plural: ʔa=bɘ̰ːh {a=bxʉʉh} (human), ʔa=bɘːh {a=bʉʉh} (non-human). Cf. kʼa=hɜgn {ga=hʉ́ng} (plural kʼa=bɘːh {ga=bʉʉh} 'to be planted' [ibid.].
Number:74
Word:sit
Hup:
Daw:
Nadeb:ʔa=šoːh {a=sooh}3
Weir 1984: 141. More precisely: 'to sit or to lie on something above the ground'. Plural: ʔa=to̰ːȡn{a=txoonh} (human), ʔa=toːȡn {a=toonh} (non-human) [ibid.; Martins 2005: 74].
Weir 1954: 214 (only the former form); Martins 2005: 257. Non-indicative: =ɨ̃h {=ɨ̃h}. According to Martins, =ɨ̃ːh {=ɨ̃ɨh} is from Roçado Nadëb (the variant =ʔãh {=ãh} is attested), while =ãːh {=ãah} is from Rio Negro Nadëb.
Number:77
Word:small
Hup:čĩ̂mp-mä̃h̃ {sím'eh}1
Ramirez 2006: 160; Epps 2005: 368 (čĩ̂p-mä̃h̃ {sípmeh}). Adjective. Lacks the ability to take most verbal inflection or the bound nominal tɨh=, and does not occur as a head of a NP. Polysemy: 'small / a little'.
Daw:piš3
Martins 2004: 226. Cf. l̃ɔ̃w̃ [Andrade 2014: 76].
Nadeb:ta̰ːh {txaah}2
Weir 1984: 84. Polysemy: 'small / son'. Morphologically, this is an obligatorily possessed noun.
Martins 2005: 58. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, while the latter is from Rio Negro Nadëb [Martins 2005: 237].
Number:85
Word:that
Hup:nḭ̃̂-p {n'íp}1
Ramirez 2006: 125; Epps 2005: 246; Martins: 2005: 117. The following noun loses its tone. Distinct from dʸûp {yúp}, which is rather anaphoric than deictic [Ramirez 2006: 217] ('intangible', where physical accessibility is lacking or irrelevant [Epps 2005: 246]).
Ramirez 2006: 129; Epps 2005: 246. The following noun loses its tone.
Daw:nã̌ːʔ ~ nǎːʔ1
Martins 2004: 365; Andrade 2014: 86. Essentially identical to ʔǎːʔ ~ ʔâː, but the latter is claimed to be used more often as a temporal demonstrative or an anaphoric pronoun [Martins 2004: 368, 369].
Ramirez 2006: 180; Epps 2005: 210; Martins 2005: 321 ('firewood'). The form těgn {të̀g} stands for 'firewood, fire, tree trunk' [Ramirez 2006: 179; Martins 2005: 321].
Daw:bɛ̂ː2
Martins 2004: 313; Andrade 2014: 94; Martins 2005: 54. Distinct from tɤ̂g [Martins 2004: 274; Martins 2005: 321] 'tree' (used as the second part of the words denoting kinds of trees).
Nadeb:bɜ̰ːh ~ ba̰ːh {bxʉ́ʉ́h ~ bxaah}2
Weir 1984: 235 (only the latter form); Barbosa 2005: 53 ('wood', only the latter form); Martins 2005: 311. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, while the latter is from Rio Negro Nadëb.
Ramirez 2006: 79; Epps 2005: 244. Derived from h̃ɨ̃̂-. Patterns with demonstratives.
Daw:pay2
Martins 2004: 553.
Nadeb:hɜ̰ːd {hxʉ́ʉ́d}3
Weir 1984: 111. Related to the verb ʔa=hɜ̰ːt {a=hxʉ́ʉ́t} which can substitute any other verb if the speaker forgot it. Distinct from nɨ̃ːh {nɨɨh} 'which' [Weir 1984: 110].
Martins 2005: 301. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, the latter one is from Rio Negro Nadëb.
Number:103
Word:near
Hup:mã̂h̃ {máh}1
Ramirez 2006: 110; Epps 2005: 157.
Daw:t-ɛ̃h2
Martins 2004: 345. Morphologically a negation of tǎʔ 'distant'. Cf. pɛȡ [Martins 2004: 419; Martins 2005: 27] 'illative'.
Nadeb:pɛ̰ːȡ {pxééj}3
Weir 1984: 185. Cf. pɘːʔ {pʉʉ} [Martins 2005: 62] 'near' (probably not an adverb).
Number:104
Word:salt
Hup:nbǒ̰h {b'ö̀h}1
Ramirez 2006: 53; Epps 2005: 272. Polysemy: 'salt / caruru-da-cachoeira (a plant whose leaves were used to produce salt'. Hardly borrowed from Tukano mõá, as suggested by Martins [2015: 372].
Daw:xǐːl̰ʔ-1
Martins 2004: 21. Borrowed from Nheengatú yukˈiɾa [Martins 2005: 36].
Nadeb:
Not attested.
Number:105
Word:short
Hup:wǝ̰t-nɨ̃̂h̃ {w'ät nɨ́h} #1
Ramirez 2006: 196. A negation of wǝ̰̂t {w'ä́t} 'long'. Not found in [Epps 2005].
Weir 1984: 185; Martins 2005: 304. The first form is from Roçado Nadëb, the latter one is from Rio Negro Nadëb. Possibly not the generic word for 'snake'.
Number:107
Word:thin
Hup:čǝ̌p {sä̀p}1
Ramirez 2006: 155; Martins 2005: 299. Polysemy: 'thin / shallow'. Not found in [Epps 2005].
Daw:ȶʼoy2
Martins 2004: 146. Polysemy: 'thin / slim'. Cf. widn 'long and thin' [Martins 2004: 222]; ʔw̰iʔ 'long and tall' [Martins 2004: 239]; xig 'thin (apparently only of people)' [Martins 2004: 635]. Cf. ȶʼɤ̌ːp [Martins 2005: 299].
Nadeb:ša̰ːp {saap}1
Martins 2005: 299. A variant šaːb {saab} is also quoted [ibid.].